Why Bit-Exact Math, Cryptographic Hashes, and Energy Efficiency Are Becoming First-Class Infrastructure Concerns
Eric Waller | December 2025
Download PDFModern high-performance computing and AI systems are optimized for throughput, but not for reproducibility or verifiability. Floating-point nondeterminism can cause identical workloads to produce different numerical results, undermining auditability and trust. This paper introduces deterministic, verifiable compute as a practical infrastructure primitive.
IEEE-754 defines individual floating-point operations but does not guarantee bit-exact results under parallel execution.
In regulated finance, autonomy, and scientific computing, nondeterministic results are no longer acceptable.
A deterministic compute service enforces strict execution invariants so that identical inputs always produce bit-identical outputs.
By hashing output buffers with SHA-256, computation becomes externally verifiable without sharing internal implementation details.
Independent third-party validation demonstrates that deterministic execution can coexist with high GPU throughput and low latency.
Energy efficiency matters at the facility level. Reductions in IT power consumption reduce total facility power via PUE.
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